边境梗（Border Terrier）

[简介]

    这是一种中等骨量的、活跃的品种，结实、耐力持久而且很敏捷，但肩膀、身躯和后肢都很窄。被毛有点起伏不平，但很贴身而且非常硬。具有特别的“水獭”头和热情的眼神。这一品种有一些独有的特征：身躯平衡、保持警惕、勇敢和坚毅的决心。由于边境梗是一种用于野外工作的工作梗，比如追踪马匹等，所以他被培养出乐于完成自己工作的天性。背离这种天性是不允许的，这将损害其作用。为了完成工作，他必须警惕、积极、敏捷，而且能钻过任何狭窄的缝隙并能穿越任何地形。他的头象“水獭”，是他的特征，他的气质属于典型的梗类犬气质。他的天性是和气、感情细腻、顺从而且容易训练。在野外，他的意志象钉子一样坚强，玩“他们过来”的游戏并进行驱赶。边界梗不需要在某一个特点上特别突出和夸张，关键是平衡。

[体型]

    边境梗在努力工作的情况下，比较理想的体重约13~15.5磅、母狗体重约11~14.5磅。肩高略大于体长，14磅的狗的肩高比体长多大约1~1.5英寸。骨量中等，结实，有耐久力，身躯、肩膀和后躯窄一些比较理想。

[头部]

    与水獭相似。
    眼睛：深榛色，充满火焰和聪慧。大小适中，既不突出也不象露珠那样小。
    耳朵：小，V形，中等厚度，比较理想的颜色为深色。耳朵位于头顶，位置不高，而是有一点靠边。垂耳，贴近面颊。折叠线与头顶不在同一水平线。
    头颅：中等宽度、平坦。眼睛和耳朵间距离足够宽。
    止部：浅，呈中等弧度的曲线，明显的止部反而不理想。面颊略显丰满。
    口吻：短而充实。深色口吻是其特有的，而且是必须的。这一品种天生长有连鬓胡子。
    鼻镜：为黑色，大小合适。
    牙齿：结实，剪状咬合，与身体比较，牙齿显得很大。

[颈部、背线、身躯]

    颈部整洁，肌肉发达，长度适中，能恰好使整体外观显得匀称。到肩部逐渐变宽。后背结实但横向比较柔韧。腰部结实。身躯深、相当窄，具有足够的长度以保持敏捷。身躯能以人的手掌测量。

[前躯]

    肩部长度恰当，与背部结合良好。肩胛会聚于马肩隆，但不显得过深或过窄。前肢笔直，骨量适中，前肢的间距比猎狐梗略宽。足爪小而紧凑。脚趾前指，略呈拱形，脚垫厚实。

[后躯]

    肌肉发达，大腿长而且形状令人满意。后膝关节角度恰当，飞节低。足爪同前肢。

[被毛]

    短而密的底毛和金属丝状的披毛紧密地覆盖全身，显得不很平整，但不能卷曲或呈波浪状。边境梗的被毛应该保持自然的样子，除了将头部、颈部和足爪修理整洁外，其他不需要任何修剪。过厚的和松弛的被毛需要掩饰。

[颜色]

    红色、灰色和棕色、兰色和棕色或小麦色。胸部有少量白色是允许的，但出现白色足爪属于缺陷。深色口吻是其特有的，而且是必须的。

[步态]

    行进路线笔直，有节奏，步幅适中，后膝关节和飞节角度恰当。狗对牵犬师的反馈是轻松、敏捷和迅速的步态。

[气质]

    他的气质属于典型的梗类犬气质。他的天性是和气、感情细腻、顺从而且容易训练。在野外，他的意志象钉子一样坚强，玩“他们过来”的游戏并进行驱赶。

[评分情况]

    头部、耳朵、颈部和牙齿                  20
    腿和足                                                  15
    被毛和皮肤                                          10
    肩部和胸部                                          10
    眼睛和表情                                          10
    背和腰                                                  10
    后躯                                                      10
    尾巴                                                        5
    整体外观                                              10
    总计                                                    100

标准通过日期：1950年3月14日
标准执行日期：1990年7月13日

Border Terrier Breed Standard

General Appearance
He is an active terrier of medium bone, strongly put together, suggesting endurance and agility, but rather narrow in shoulder, body and quarter. The body is covered with a somewhat broken though close-fitting and intensely wiry jacket. The characteristic "otter" head with its keen eye, combined with a body poise which is "at the alert," gives a look of fearless and implacable determination characteristic of the breed. Since the Border Terrier is a working terrier of a size to go to ground and able, within reason, to follow a horse, his conformation should be such that he be ideally built to do his job. No deviations from this ideal conformation should be permitted, which would impair his usefulness in running his quarry to earth and in bolting it therefrom. For this work he must be alert, active and agile, and capable of squeezing through narrow apertures and rapidly traversing any kind of terrain. His head, "like that of an otter," is distinctive, and his temperament ideally exemplifies that of a terrier. By nature he is good-tempered, affectionate, obedient, and easily trained. In the field he is hard as nails "game as they come" and driving in attack. It should be the aim of Border Terrier breeders to avoid such over emphasis of any point in the Standard as might lead to unbalanced exaggeration.

Size, Proportion, Substance
Weight Dogs, 13-15½ pounds, bitches, 11½-14 pounds, are appropriate weights for Border Terriers in hardworking condition. The proportions should be that the height at the withers is slightly greater than the distance from the withers to the tail, i.e. by possibly 1-1½ inches in a 14-pound dog. Of medium bone, strongly put together, suggesting endurance and agility, but rather narrow in shoulder, body and quarter.

Head
Similar to that of an otter. Eyes dark hazel and full of fire and intelligence. Moderate in size, neither prominent nor small and beady. Ears small, V-shaped and of moderate thickness, dark preferred. Not set high on the head but somewhat on the side, and dropping forward close to the cheeks. They should not break above the level of the skull. Moderately broad and flat in skull with plenty of width between the eyes and between the ears. A slight, moderately broad curve at the stop rather than a pronounced indentation. Cheeks slightly full. Muzzle short and "well filled." A dark muzzle is characteristic and desirable. A few short whiskers are natural to the breed. Nose black, and of a good size. Teeth strong, with a scissors bite, large in proportion to size of dog.

Neck, Topline, Body
Neck clean, muscular and only long enough to give a well-balanced appearance. It should gradually widen into the shoulder. Back strong but laterally supple, with no suspicion of a dip behind the shoulder. Loin strong. Body deep, fairly narrow and of sufficient length to avoid any suggestions of lack of range and agility. The body should be capable of being spanned by a man's hands behind the shoulders. Brisket not excessively deep or narrow. Deep ribs carried well back and not oversprung in view of the desired depth and narrowness of the body. The underline fairly straight. Tail moderately short, thick at the base, then tapering. Not set on too high. Carried gaily when at the alert, but not over the back. When at ease, a Border may drop his stern.

Forequarters
Shoulders well laid back and of good length, the blades converging to the withers gradually from a brisket not excessively deep or narrow. Forelegs straight and not too heavy in bone and placed slightly wider than in a Fox Terrier. Feet small and compact. Toes should point forward and be moderately arched with thick pads.

Hindquarters
Muscular and racy, with thighs long and nicely molded. Stifles well bent and hocks well let down. Feet as in front.

Coat
A short and dense undercoat covered with a very wiry and somewhat broken topcoat which should lie closely, but it must not show any tendency to curl or wave. With such a coat a Border should be able to be exhibited almost in his natural state, nothing more in the way of trimming being needed than a tidying up of the head, neck and feet. Hide very thick and loose fitting.

Color
Red, grizzle and tan, blue and tan, or wheaten. A small amount of white may be allowed on the chest but white on the feet should be penalized. A dark muzzle is characteristic and desirable.

Gait
Straight and rhythmical before and behind, with good length of stride and flexing of stifle and hock. The dog should respond to his handler with a gait which is free, agile and quick.

Temperament
His temperament ideally exemplifies that of a terrier. By nature he is good-tempered, affectionate, obedient, and easily trained. In the field he is hard as nails, "game as they come" and driving in attack.

Scale of Points

Head, ears, neck and teeth...20
Legs and feet                    ...15
Coat and skin                   ...10
Shoulders and chest         ...10
Eyes and expression        ...10
Back and loin                   ...10
Hindquarters                    ...10
Tail                                   ....5
General Appearance        ...10
Total                               ..100 
Approved March 14, 1950
Reformatted July 13, 1990